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Suicide rates in girls are rising, study finds, especially in those age 10 to 14

(资料图)

女孩自s率不断攀升，研究发现，10-14岁年龄段的女孩情况更严重。

这篇文章共12段，加油！

译文及学习笔记：

*序号按照原文段落顺序排列

*中文译文为笔者自译，仅供学习交流使用，如有任何错误或不同意见，诚请批评指正!

1

Suicide rates for young girls are rising at a pace faster than that of boys, changing the established patterns that boys are more likely to die by suicide and that girls are more likely to consider it and attempt it, according to a new study.

一项新研究显示，女孩自s率增长的速度远超男孩，改变了男孩更容易因为自s而si亡的既定模式，如今女孩更愿意考虑并尝试自s。

established patterns

既定模式

It's the return to the established pattern.

这是由固定思维模式得到的结论。

It followed an established pattern.

那是遵循老一套的程序。

2

Researchers at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in in Columbus, Ohio analyzed suicide rates of US kids and teens ages 10 to 19 between 1975 and 2016 using the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database, run by the US Centers for Disease Control and that period, there were more than 85,000 suicides in kids and teens, with 80% in boys and 20% in girls. The rates of suicide peaked in 1993 and had been on the decline until 2007, when they again started to climb, according to the findings, published Friday in JAMA.

俄亥俄州哥伦布市全国儿童医院的研究员使用流行病学研究数据库的大量在线数据，分析美国1975年至2016年间10-19岁孩子和青少年的自s率，这个数据库由美国疾病控制和预防中心运营。在那段时期，超过万名儿童喝青少年si于自s，男孩占80%，女孩占20%。根据JAMA在周五发布的报告显示，自s率于1993年达到了顶峰，之后一路下降直至2007年，这一年自s率再度开始攀升。

3

Although boys were times more likely than girls to kill themselves over the 40-year study period, the gap is rapidly narrowing. Starting in 2007, the rates of suicide for girls 10 to 14 increased % per year, compared with % for boys the same age. A similar trend was seen for teens 15 to 19, with rates of suicide going up % for girls and % for boys.

在长达40年的研究中，虽然男孩自s的倾向性是女孩的倍，但这一差距在迅速缩小。2007年开始，10-14岁之间女孩的自s率年均增长%，而同年龄段的男孩增速才%。15-19岁青少年也有着相似的趋势，女孩的自s率上升%，而男孩的上升%。

4

Boys 15 to 19 continued to take their own lives using firearms at far greater rates than girls, but the rates of hanging and suffocationin girls approached those of is the second leading cause of death in kids and teens ages 10 to 19 in the United States after accidents and unintentional injuries, according to the CDC. Rates of suicide have historically been higher in boys than in girls across all age groups.

15-19岁之间的男孩使用枪的自s率远超女孩，而女孩上吊和窒息自s率接近使用同样方式的男孩。根据CDC，自s已经成为美国10-19岁间儿童和青少年si亡的第二大原因，仅排在事故意外si亡之后。从历史上看，所有年龄组男孩的自s率都比女孩高。

suffocation

[ˌsʌfəˈkeɪʃən]

窒息; 窒息乐队; 绞杀

5

Girls turning to more lethal means is cause for “great concern,” explained lead author Donna Ruch, research scientist at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, adding that girls continue to attempt suicide at higher rates and the shift toward morelethal methods could have dire consequences for the rates of completed suicide in this group.

女孩转向使用更加致命的方式自s是“非常令人担忧的”，全国儿童医院的研究科学家也是论文第一作者的Donna Ruch解释道，“女孩企图自s的比率在不断上升，而向更加致命方式的转变可能会对这个群体的完全自s率产生极坏的影响”。

lethal

/ˈliːθl/

adj.致命的;可致si的;危害极大的;破坏性极大的

6

The study was not designed to determine the reasons behind the troubling trends, explained Dr. Joan Luby, a child and adolescentpsychiatristat the Washington University School of Medicine, and Sarah Kertz, a clinical psychologist at Southern Illinois University, in a commentary published alongside the study in given the short period of time over which the rates of suicide have spiked for young girls, Luby and Kertz point to social media as a likely contributor.

华盛顿大学医学院儿童和青少年精神病学家Joan Luby博士和南伊利诺斯大学临床心理学家Sarah Kertz在JAMA论文旁边发表的一篇评论上说明道，这项研究用意不是为了找到这种糟糕趋势的原因。但是考虑到女孩自s率在短时间内飙升，Luby和Kertz指出社交媒体有可能是原因之一。

psychiatrist

/saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

n.精神科医生;精神病学家

7

Girls may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of social media

女孩可能更易受到社交媒体的负面影响

“Compared with boys, girls use social media more frequently and are more likely to experience cyberbullying,” Luby and Kertz wrote. Girls who are depressed alsoelicitmore negative responses from their friends on social media than boys, they added. Combined, they say, these findings suggest that the negative effects of social media may be stronger on girls and may provide one explanation for why young girls are more vulnerable to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Yet social media may be just one piece of the puzzle.

Luby和Kertz写道：“与男孩相比，女孩使用社交媒体更加频繁，而且更容易经历网暴，”他们还补充道，“抑郁的女孩在社交媒体上的朋友那里得到的负面反映比男孩更多”。综合来说，这些发现表明社交媒体的负面作用对女孩来说比男孩更强，这也为年轻女孩对自s的想法和行为更脆弱。然而，社交媒体可能仅仅是一部分原因。

Elicit

/iˈlɪsɪt/

V.引起;诱发;引出;诱出;引出,探出;

Mr Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response

诺里斯先生说希望他的请求能够引起积极反响。

Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.

她的眼泪博得观众的无限同情。

8

The role of societal rules and expectations

社会规则和预期的作用

“We know that certain societal rules and expectations for women can be associated with higher rates of mental health issues and suicide rates,” said Dr. Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy, child and adolescent psychiatrist at the Long School of Medicine at UT Health San Antonio, who was not involved in the study. “Then you add a possible biological component – hormones – and a genetic predisposition.”

“我们知道一些对女性的社会规则和期望与较高的精神健康问题和自s率是相关的”，得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥健康科学中心儿童和青少年精神病学家Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy教授说道，虽然没有参与这项研究，“然后，再加上一些可能的生物学原因，比如激素和遗传倾向”。

Societal

/səˈsaɪətl/

adj.社会的;关于社会的

9

Another reason for the rise in depression and suicidal behaviors for both boys and girls may be more stress and pressure being placed on kids, said Dr. Gene Beresin, executive director of the Clay Center for Young Healthy Minds at Massachusetts General Hospital and professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who also was not involved in the study.

哈弗医学院精神病学教授、马萨诸塞州总医院克莱青少年健康心理中心的执行董事Gene Beresin也没有参与这项研究，他表示，男孩和女孩抑郁和自s行为飙升的另一个原因可能是给孩子施加了太多压力。

10

“Kids are feeling more pressure to achieve, more pressure in school, and are more worried about making a living than in previous years,” he said. In isolation, none of these factors has been proven to lead to an increase in suicidal behaviors and ultimately suicide, but taken together, a pattern begins to emerge, Beresin said.

Beresin 说道：“比起几年前，现在的孩子实现目标的压力、在学校的压力和生存压力都更大”。孤立地来看，这些因素没有一个被证明会导致自s行为以及最终的自s，但是放在一起来看，这种就模式出现了。

11

Recognizing warning signs in children and teens

识别儿童和青少年的警告信号

Mental illness – especially when it comes to depression and anxiety – can be silent or manifest in ways parents would not expect, Robles-Ramamurthy said. In addition to sadness, depression in kids and teens can manifest as anger and irritability. “It’s very normal for your child to start getting a little more moody anddefiant,” she said of the teenage years. “But if you start seeing drastic changes, their academic performance is declining, they’re not spending as much time with family or isolating themselves, those are big red flags.”

Robles-Ramamurthy说道，精神疾病——特别是抑郁和焦虑——可能是沉默的或者父母不能发现的一些表现方式。除了伤心，儿童和青少年额抑郁可能表现为愤怒和激怒。她说在青少年时期，“你的孩子开始变得更加情绪化和叛逆是非常正常的，但是如果你开始看到巨大的变化，他们的学习成绩不断下降，他们没有花那么多时间与家人待在一起，或者自我隔离，这些都是很大的危险信号。”

defiant

adj.公然违抗的;反抗的;挑衅的

12

If those behaviors are present, Robles-Ramamurthy recommends asking teens clearly whether they feel depressed or have considered hurting themselves or ending their lives. Asking these questions directly does not increase the risk of suicide, she added.

如果存在这些行为，Robles-Ramamurthy 建议向青少年问清楚他们是否感到抑郁或者想要伤害自己或自s。她补充道，直接询问这些问题并不会增加自s的风险。

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